Abstract
Miscanthus × giganteus (M. × giganteus) is a perspective plant produced on marginal and contaminated lands with biomass used for energy or bioproducts. In the current study, M. × giganteus development was tested in the diesel-contaminated soils (ranged from 250 mg kg−1 to 5000 mg kg−1) and the growth dynamic, leaves quantity, plants total area, number of harvested stems and leaves, SPAD and NPQt parameters were evaluated. Results showed a remarkable M. × giganteus growth in a selected interval of diesel-contaminated soil with sufficient harvested biomass. The amendment of soil by biochar 1 (produced from wastewater sludge) and biochar 2 (produced from a mixture of wood waste and biohumus) improved the crop’s morphological and physiological parameters. Biochar 1 stimulated the increase of the stems’ biomass, while biochar 2 increased the leaves biomass. The plants growing in the uncontaminated soil decreased the content of NO3, pH (KCl), P2O5 and increased the content of NH4. Photosynthesis parameters showed that incorporating biochar 1 and biochar 2 to the diesel-contaminated soil prolonged the plants’ vegetation, which was more potent for biochar 1. M. × giganteus utilization united with biochar amendment can be recommended to remediate diesel-contaminated land in concentration range 250–5000 mg kg−1.
Highlights
The contamination of soil by hydrocarbons is a severe environmental problem caused mainly by anthropogenic activities, by processing and transportation of fossil fuels or military activities [1]
Impact of M. × giganteus Growing to the Parameters of Uncontaminated Soil
M. × giganteus is characterized by high nutrient uptake efficiency because of the extensive root system [55,56]
Summary
The contamination of soil by hydrocarbons is a severe environmental problem caused mainly by anthropogenic activities, by processing and transportation of fossil fuels or military activities [1]. Hydrocarbon’s release deteriorated the land, surface and underground waters [2], which sometimes excluded the contaminated localities from the land bank [3]. Such deteriorated places possess a tremendous hazardous risk to human health and living organisms with potential carcinogenic and mutagenic effects [4,5]. Considerable effort is needed to transition technology from the laboratory to the field conditions. In this regard, proper plant selection, the choice of agricultural practices and elimination of the plant’s stress are essential components [8,9]
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