Abstract
Summary Recent advances in imaging technology, image analysis and study design have made it possible to identify variance in regional cerebral activity that is truly informative about the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In particular, advances in PET and fMRI that allow multiple scans of a single subject, together with the development of statistical techniques for pixel by pixel analysis, have facilitated experimental designs that elucidate cerebral activity associated with specific symptoms, and with specific mental processes implicated in schizophrenia. The findings reveal abnormal function in many areas of association cortex and related subcortical nuclei. Replicated studies demonstrate that delusions and hallucinations are associated with overactivity in medial temporal lobe and ventral striatum, while negative symptoms are associated with frontal underactivity. Furthermore, the patterns of cerebral activity during tasks such as word generation, indicate that schizophrenia is characterized by aberrant coordination of cerebral activity at diverse cerebral sites.
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