Abstract
A two-state life history model governed by ODEs is formulated to elucidate the population dynamics of jellyfish and to illuminate the triggering mechanism of its blooms. The polyp-medusa model admits trichotomous global dynamic scenarios: extinction, polyps survival only, and both survival. The population dynamics sensitively depend on several biotic and abiotic limiting factors such as substrate, temperature, and predation. The combination of temperature increase, substrate expansion, and predator diminishment acts synergistically to create a habitat that is more favorable for jellyfishes. Reducing artificial marine constructions, aiding predator populations, and directly controlling the jellyfish population would help to manage the jellyfish blooms. The theoretical analyses and numerical experiments yield several insights into the nature underlying the model and shed some new light on the general control strategy for jellyfish.
Highlights
Jellyfish are among the most conspicuous animals widely distributing in the oceans
In order to characterize the effect of temperature, substrate, and predator on the population dynamics of jellyfish, we deliberately investigate a specific jellyfish Aurelia sp
We have formulated a two-state life history model governed by ODEs is derived to characterize the population dynamics of scyphozoan
Summary
Jellyfish are among the most conspicuous animals widely distributing in the oceans. They have complex life histories and demographics and plays an essential role in the marine ecosystems acting as a ‘keystone’ species [1]. Jellyfish has been abnormally blooming and flourishing in many waters since 1980s [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Bloom or large swarm is usually used for a large group of jellyfish that gather in a small area, but may have a time component, referring to seasonal increases, or numbers beyond what was expected. Jellyfish blooms cause extreme problems to both marine ecosystems and human enterprises [3, 8, 10, 11]
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