Dynamic influence of wrist flexion and extension on the intracortical inhibition of the first dorsal interosseus muscle during precision grip

Abstract

This work questioned further the influence of wrist movements on the control of precision grip. Seated subjects wearing a full-arm orthosis with the wrist and hand free were instructed to maintain a thumb/index finger opposition corresponding to 15% of maximal voluntary contraction for the first dorsal interosseus (FDI). Paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation eliciting conditioned MEPs of FDI was used to determine the modulation of short intracortical inhibition (SICI) during cyclic active and passive wrist flexion and extension and during a static condition (no wrist movement, hand in the neutral position). The FDI active motor threshold (AMT) and the conditioning stimulus (0.8 AMT) were assessed in each series of FDI SICI measurements and the test stimulus (TS) was adjusted to match the amplitudes of test FDI MEPs across conditions. An increase of FDI background EMG during active wrist flexion compared to extension in some subjects did not influence FDI SICI as tested at matched EMG levels in the static condition. FDI SICI was reduced during wrist flexion (whether active or passive) compared to wrist extension, the latter being of equivalent FDI SICI as in the static condition. We suggest that wrist flexion and precision grip could be linked in a functional proximo-distal synergy. Indeed, coupling the activity between M1 sites of wrist flexors and FDI muscle via cortico-cortical disinhibition of FDI site may help recruit the interjoint synergy. Also, the salience of afferent information from wrist muscles may contribute to the phase-dependent modulation of SICI in the preactivated FDI muscle.