Abstract
The effects of the yarn composition system inside 3D woven high-performance textiles are not well investigated and understood against their final ballistic impact behaviour. The current study aims to examine the ballistic impact performances of armour panels made of different 3D woven fabric variants through postmortem observations. Four high-performance five-layer 3D woven fabric variants were engineered based on their different warp yarn compositions but similar area density. A 50 × 50 cm2 armour system of each variant, which comprises eight nonbonded but aligned panels, namely, 3D-40-8/0 (or 8/0), 3D-40-8/4 (or 8/4), 3D-40-8/8 (or 8/8) and 3D-40-4/8 (or 4/8), were prepared and moulded to resemble female frontal morphology. The armour systems were then tested with nonperforation ballistic impacts according to the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) 0101.06 standard Level-IIIA. Two high-speed cameras were used to capture the event throughout the test. Nondestructive investigation (NDI) using optical microscopic and stereoscopic 3D digital images were employed for the analysis. The armour panels made of the 8/0 and 4/8 fabric variants were perforated, whereas the armour made of the 8/8 and 8/4 fabric variants showed no perforation. Besides, the armour made of the 8/4 fabric variant revealed higher local and global surface displacements than the other armours. The current research findings are useful for further engineering of 3D woven fabric for seamless women’s impact protective clothing.
Highlights
While developing a body armour system, it should possess various aspects including having good ballistic protection, being reasonably light in weight, flexible, and comfortable [1]
The armour system was made of the four variants of the 3D warp interlock fabrics which are made of different bindings: the stuffer ratios were considered for analysis
Different studies have found 3D woven fabrics as an efficient structure for various applications, for flexible and soft body armour designs, due to their good impact and formability performances. Such fabrics should be investigated with various parameters and their different impact behaviours should be understood before their application in armour systems
Summary
While developing a body armour system, it should possess various aspects including having good ballistic protection, being reasonably light in weight, flexible, and comfortable [1]. Two-dimensional (2D) woven fabrics and unidirectional (UD) textile laminates made with high-performance fibres (Twaron® , Kevlar® , Dyneema® , and Spectra® ) are used in soft body armour due to their high resistance-toimpact damage, high strength and lightweight characteristics [18,19,20,21,22]. Such fabric types possess an excellent mechanical properties along with better fatigue life [23]. Various researchers have intensively studied the surface modifications of textile materials and their effect on the ballistic performance of the armour system [32,33,34,35]
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