Abstract
Dynamic fracture and fragmentation characteristics of explosively driven rings and cylinders are important issues in the field of weapon effectiveness and protection. However, the comparison of fracture characteristics between metal cylinder and rings, and the fracture characteristics of the metal shells at different axial positions, are rarely touched. In the present work, a recovery tank was used to collect fragments, and witness plates were used to investigate the fragment spatial distributions. Before the test, the representative positions of metal shells were plated with copper layers to locate the original position of the recovered fragments. After the test, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscope were used for characterizing the microstructure of the recovered fragments from different positions. Then, the recovered fragments were weighed and measured to investigate their mass and size characteristics. In addition, numerical simulation was used to further investigate the fracture mechanisms of explosively driven cylinders and rings. It was found that the projection angle axial distribution of the fragments for the metal cylinder was similar to that of the fragments for the metal rings. However, the fracture characteristics of the metal rings were significantly different from those of the metal cylinder. The adiabatic shear band played a key role in the fracture process of the metal cylinder, whereas the adiabatic shear band had little chance to initiate in the fracture process of the metal rings because the metal rings could deform uniformly with much fewer strain localizations due to their much lower length. The fracture surfaces of the fragments from different positions of the metal cylinder were very smooth, whereas dimples were found in the fracture surfaces of the fragments from different positions of the metal rings. The mass distribution of the fragments from the metal rings was more uniform than that of the fragments from the metal cylinder, and the circumferential rupture strains of the metal rings were much larger than those of the metal cylinder.
Highlights
The dynamic response process of expansion, fracture, and fragmentation of a metal shell subjected to internal explosive loadings is a highly complex phenomenon
Recovery filled with water was used collect fragments, and witness plates position the recovered recovery tank filled with water to collect fragments, were used toofinvestigate thefragments
Optical used to investigate the fracture mechanisms of the metal shells at different positions, and the recovered microscope used to investigate thetofracture mechanisms of the metal at differentIn positions, fragments werewere weighed and measured investigate their mass and sizeshells characteristics
Summary
The dynamic response process of expansion, fracture, and fragmentation of a metal shell subjected to internal explosive loadings is a highly complex phenomenon. The fracture and fragmentation mechanisms of the metal shells under internal explosive loadings are associated with the characteristics of the fragments and directly influence the damage efficiency of fragmentation warheads. This dynamic subject has been of interest to researchers for decades, with lots of remarkable work. The axial distribution of fragment velocities has been extensively studied to determine the low velocities near the warhead edges [5,6,7,8,9,10], and Huang’s formula [7] showed high accuracy and wide applicability in the calculating of fragment velocity distribution along the axis of cylindrical casing under internal explosive loadings
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