Abstract
The Smart Grid is characterized by a high penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs). For their effective integration into the Smart Grid, researchers have proposed the concept of a virtual power plant (VPP) to aggregate the DERs and present them to the grid as a single energy trader in the electricity market. However, to optimize the energy generation and consumption of the VPP participants, energy scheduling in the VPP must consider the pricing dynamics and generation uncertainties of the renewables. In this paper, a novel game theoretic approach to dynamic energy scheduling is proposed for VPPs. The targeted VPPs are those composed of buildings with producer-consumer (prosumer) resources in both residential and commercial environments, the latter of which the VPP operators have no direct control over their machineries or appliances. Digital simulation studies were conducted to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm where a better total payoff than current schemes is achieved, in particular with increasing number of prosumers in the VPP.
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