Abstract
Material-independent coating has emerged as an advanced tool for interface engineering in numerous applications, including drug delivery, single-cell nanoencapsulation, catalysis, and agrotechnolog...
Highlights
Recent years have witnessed the unforeseen exploitation of the adhesion-cohesion rivalry[1] for material-independent coating and film formation, because the competition between cohesive molecule-molecule and adhesive moleculesubstrate interactions determines whether the molecules coalesce or spread out over the surface.[2−5] In the coating process, adhesion dominates in formation of the first layer, while cohesion dominates in flocculation, precipitation, and gelation. 6−8 Nonspecific adhesive species, generated in situ in the solution phase, are cohesive, facilitating but simultaneously interfering with the film growth, as exemplified by polydopamine (PD)-9 and metal-phenolic network (MPN)-based methods.[10]
We found that our dynamic electrophoretic assembly (dEPA) strategy greatly accelerated the film growth in a continuous fashion (Figure 2b,c), presumably because of the Fe3+-TA complex concentration made high at or near to the anodic electrode by electrophoretic movement and subsequent locally confined cohesive process of the Fe3+-TA complex.[44,45]
The Fe3+-TA MPN film with a thickness of 560 nm was formed in 12 h using dEPA, whereas 89 h was required to make the film without electrophoretic control.[22]
Summary
Recent years have witnessed the unforeseen exploitation of the adhesion-cohesion rivalry[1] for material-independent coating and film formation, because the competition between cohesive molecule-molecule and adhesive moleculesubstrate interactions determines whether the molecules coalesce or spread out over the surface.[2−5] In the coating process, adhesion dominates in formation of the first layer, while cohesion dominates in flocculation, precipitation, and gelation. 6−8 Nonspecific adhesive species, generated in situ in the solution phase, are cohesive, facilitating but simultaneously interfering with the film growth, as exemplified by polydopamine (PD)-9 and metal-phenolic network (MPN)-based methods.[10]. (3) Free-standing film formation: After the ITO glasses were immersed in PBS, the negative potential was applied to the MPN film-coated ITO After pre-determined time of dEPA (24 h for HRP; 14 h for iron nanoparticles, SiO2 nanoparticles, latex microparticles, or PS microparticles), the ITO glasses were washed with DI water three times to remove excess metal ions, phenolic molecules, and functional entities, and immersed in PBS.
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