Abstract
THz radiation allows for the controlled excitation of vibrational modes in molecules and crystals. We show that the circular motion of ions introduces inertial effects on electrons. In analogy to the classical Coriolis and centrifugal forces, these effects are the spin-rotation coupling, the centrifugal field coupling, the centrifugal spin-orbit coupling, and the centrifugal redshift. Depending on the phonon decay, these effects persist for various picoseconds after excitation. Potential boosting of the effects would make it a promising platform for vibration-based control of localized quantum states or chemical reaction barriers.
Highlights
In the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer approximation, the electronic degrees of freedom are separated from the ionic degrees of freedom
A rotating coordinate system induces fictious forces like the Coriolis force FCoriolis = 2p × ω or the centrifugal force FCent. = mω2d, where ω (ω) is the angular velocity, d is the radius determined by the ionic displacement from the equilibrium position, p is the momentum of a probe particle, and m is the corresponding mass
Promoting the fictious forces to an energy by multiplying with the position of the probe particle reveals the coupling of the angular velocity with the probe particle angular momentum E = FCoriolis · r = 2ω · L or a centrifugal-force coupling comparable to the coupling of an applied electric field, E = FCent. · r = mω2d · r
Summary
In the adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer approximation, the electronic degrees of freedom are separated from the ionic degrees of freedom. In the present paper we aim to provide a different microscopic model coupling ionic motion to electronic degrees of freedom. We review that the Coriolis and centrifugal effects emerge in quantum systems and provide realistic estimates for resulting electron-phonon and spin-phonon interactions. To discuss the coupling of the ionic motion to the electron, we focus on a single ion moving on a circular orbit
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