Dynamic Demand Control of Electric Vehicles to Support Power Grid With High Penetration Level of Renewable Energy

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) have become increasingly popular over the last few years and are considered as an important means to mitigate air pollution problems in big cities around the world. With their onboard batteries, EVs also present an opportunity to serve as a demand response tool in supporting future smart grid where there is usually high penetration level of renewable energy (RE) sources. In this study, a novel dynamic demand control (DDC) has been developed to coordinate the charging and discharging of EVs according to the frequency deviation signal to deal with intermittent RE generation. Furthermore, in our work, customers’ requirements and satisfaction are strictly guaranteed through the introduction of a new term called Urgency Index. The merits of this scheme are its simplicity, efficiency, robustness, and readiness for practical applications. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated by computer simulations of a power system with high penetration level of wind energy.