Dynamic control of His-hemin coordination and catalysis by reversible host–guest inclusion in peptide assemblies

Abstract

Dynamic self-assembly has significant implications in the regulation of the enzyme activities. In this study, we present a histidine-based enzyme-mimicking catalyst, formed by the self-assembly of carefully-engineered FH-based short peptides with hemin, showcasing switchable catalytic activity of hemin due to externally induced reversible inclusion of a cucurbit[7]uril-peptide hybrid. 1H NMR, ITC and theoretical simulation are employed to examine the binding affinity between the guest and host components, and UV–vis spectra are used to investigate changes in the hemin coordination environment. The histidine segment of the short peptide can be partially shielded by the cucurbituril and released following addition of the azo compound, leading to a decrease and subsequent restoration of the histidine-hemin coordination affinity and hemin activity. The photoisomeriziable nature of the azo compound enabled the activation of FHH/hemin activity to be switched on and off by exposure to different wavelengths of light. During the operation, the Phe residue remained within the cucurbituril, allowing reversible inclusion and exposure of the histidine residues. The hemin stayed connected to FHH/cucurbit[7]uril hybrid, preventing the severe aggregation of hemin and irreversible deactivation. This work may provide insights into engineering the dynamic behaviors of the cofactor-dependent catalytic assemblies.