Abstract
Experimental and numerical analyses were carried out to reveal the behaviors of two-layer graded aluminum foam materials for their dynamic compaction under blast loading. Blast experiments were conducted to investigate the deformation and densification wave formation of two-layer graded foams with positive and negative gradients. The shape of the stress waveform changed during the propagation process, and the time of edge rising was extended. Finite element models of two-layer graded aluminum foam were developed using the periodic Voronoi technique. Numerical analysis was performed to simulate deformation, energy absorption, and transmitted impulse of the two-layer graded aluminum foams by the software ABAQUS/Explicit. The deformation patterns were presented to provide insights into the influences of the foam gradient on compaction wave mechanisms. Results showed that the densification wave occurred at the blast end and then gradually propagated to the distal end for the positive gradient; however, compaction waves simultaneously formed in both layers and propagated to the distal end in the same direction for the negative gradient. The energy absorption and impulse transfer were examined to capture the effect of the blast pressure and the material gradient. The greater the foam gradient, the more energy dissipated and the more impulse transmitted. The absorbed energy and transferred impulse are conflicting objectives for the blast resistance capability of aluminum foam materials with different gradient distributions. The results could help in understanding the performance and mechanisms of two-layer graded aluminum foam materials under blast loading and provide a guideline for effective design of energy-absorbing materials and structures.
Highlights
Metal foam is a new class of ultra-light multi-functional material with the ability to undergo large deformation at a nearly constant plateau stress; and can absorb a large amount of kinetic energy before collapsing to a more stable configuration [1,2,3]
Self-contact was applied to shock wave through the aluminum foam material underelement blast loading
General contact was considered between the Voronoi structure and the shock-like compaction wave with a fast propagating thin area termed as a shock-front, separating frontdeformed plates with a friction coefficient of 0.02
Summary
Metal foam is a new class of ultra-light multi-functional material with the ability to undergo large deformation at a nearly constant plateau stress; and can absorb a large amount of kinetic energy before collapsing to a more stable configuration [1,2,3]. The dynamic behaviors of metal foams under blast loading received great interest [10,11,12]. Guruprasad and Mukherjee [9,13] studied the dynamic behaviors of a sacrificial layer under blast loading by experimental and analytical methods. Layered sacrificial foams were observed as highly effective for energy absorption, with predictable behaviors under blast loading
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