Dynamic Combined Economic Emission Dispatch integrating Plug-in Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy Sources

Abstract

The increasing rate of Green House Gases (GHGs) emission is expected to reduce by the integration of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) and Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). A ten-unit thermal system with PEVs and RESs (i.e. wind and solar power) is rigorously analysed for dynamic Combined Economic Emission Dispatch (CEED) and the efficacy of the integrated system is investigated. Findings with smart planning and control of PEVs as loads and/or energy sources for developing sustainable and continuous power supply are discussed in this paper. The multi-objective CEED problem is solved by a fuzzy decision-making (FDM) approach using the Constriction Factor-Based Particle Swarm Optimisation (CFBPSO) algorithm in ten-unit thermal generators with the integration of PEVs and RESs. In both single- and multi-objective problems, the outcomes of the optimal dynamic CEED problem are further improved by the incorporation of PEVs, solar and wind power in the proposed model. With the FDM approach, the optimum CEED solution is achieved.