Dynamic Color Doppler Sonography of Intestinal Wall in Patients with Crohn Disease Compared with Healthy Subjects

Abstract

Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by inflammatory hyperperfusion of the intestinal wall in affected bowel segments. We applied a novel method to quantify color Doppler signals dynamically along a complete heart cycle inside the bowel wall. The aim was to describe bowel wall perfusion in Crohn disease patients in comparison with healthy probands and to compare a conventional activity index (Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index) with perfusion measurements as an indicator of inflammatory activity. Color Doppler sonographic videos of bowel wall perfusion from 34 healthy children (aged 5 to 18 years) and from 14 patients with Crohn disease (aged 8.2 to 15.9 years) were recorded under defined conditions. Perfusion signals (color hue, color area) were automatically measured inside the bowel wall. Specific tissue perfusion was calculated as mean flow velocity of a region of interest during one full heart cycle. Bowel wall perfusion was compared using the Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index in 12 patients. Specific bowel wall perfusion was significantly elevated in bowel segments of Crohn disease patients compared with healthy subjects (P < 0.001). Specific flow in small bowel was 0.025 cm/s in healthy probands and 0.095 cm/s in patients with Crohn disease, whereas large bowel wall perfusion of 0.012 cm/s in healthy probands clearly differed from 0.082 cm/s in patients with Crohn disease. No differences of perfusion between moderate and high Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index levels could be demonstrated despite a weak significant overall correlation. The new method of dynamic, automatic noninvasive perfusion quantification is useful to describe local inflammatory activity in bowel segments affected by Crohn disease and adds new information to activity evaluation by Pediatric Crohn Disease Activity Index. Specific wall perfusion in intestines of Crohn patients is significantly elevated and reaches up to sevenfold intensity compared with healthy subjects.