Dynamic changes in prevalence of type 2 diabetes along with associated factors in Bangladesh: Evidence from two national cross-sectional surveys (BDHS 2011 and BDHS 2017–18)

Abstract

Background and aimsPrevalence of type 2 diabetes has been rising rapidly especially in low- and middle-income countries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in 2011 and 2017–18, and the risk factors based on the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS). MethodsThe study comprised of data from the BDHS 2011 and the BDHS 2017–18 with 7565 (50.6% female) and 12,299 respondents (56.9% female) respectively. The plasma blood glucose was classified into normal, pre-diabetes, and diabetes categories. While univariate analysis was performed to determine the data, Chi-square and gamma analyses were used for bivariate estimation of the correlation between diabetes status and other comorbidities. Multinomial and ordinal logistic regression were also performed to trace the link between diabetes and various risk factors. ResultsThe 2011 BDHS survey indicated that nearly half of the participants (47.6%) had pre-diabetic condition, while 10.2% were diagnosed with diabetes. On the other hand, the BDHS 2017-18 demonstrated that 28.6% and 8.6% of participants had pre-diabetes and diabetes, respectively. Results of inferential statistics showed that gender (p<0.05), age, wealth status, physical activity, BMI (p<0.01), and caffeinated beverages (p<0.05), were significantly linked with diabetes status. ConclusionAccording to our findings, older people and people with lower education are more likely to develop diabetes. BMIˏ Physically active, wealth status, diet and lifestyle were significant predictors of type 2 diabetes. Healthy lifestyle, physical activities, proper knowledge and awareness can reduce the risk of T2D.