Abstract
The sand surface is considered a critical injury and performance contributing factor in different sports, from beach volleyball to greyhound racing. However, there is still a significant gap in understanding the dynamic behaviour of sport sand surfaces, particularly their vibration behaviour under impact loads. The purpose of this research was to introduce different measurement techniques to the study of sports sand surface dynamic behaviour. This study utilised an experimental drop test, accelerometry, in-situ moisture content and firmness data, to investigate the possible correlation between the sand surface and injuries. The analysis is underpinned by data gathered from greyhound racing and discussed where relevant.
Highlights
Sand surfacing is seen on different sports such as, beach volleyball [1], equine racing [2,3] and greyhound racing [4,5,6]
Accelerometry used on racing greyhounds. (a) (A) A greyhound galloping on the straight section of a track with sand surface and wearing the modified jacket with inertial measurement units (IMU) pocket. (B) An integrated kinematic measurement system, developed in house, was used to record the acceleration signals
The first step to engineer an optimum sand surface is understanding the dynamic behaviour of sand surfacing
Summary
Sand surfacing is seen on different sports such as, beach volleyball [1], equine racing [2,3] and greyhound racing [4,5,6]. The mechanical properties of the sand surface determines the performance of an athlete, be they human or a tetrapod, and as an important injury contributing factor [7,8]. There is still a significant gap in understanding the behaviour of sand surface under impact load [9,10]. Understanding the mechanical properties of sand surface, variables that alter the sand surface dynamic behavior, and methods to measure these variables, are of paramount importance. The shape of the sand particles can vary from a ‘very angular’ to a ‘well rounded’ shape [11] and is a key influence on the dynamic behaviour of the sand [12]. Well-rounded particles tend to smoothly transit, or flow, to different locations upon impact [14]
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