DYNAMIC ASPECTS OF SOIL DIVERSITY FORMATION OF TVERSKO-KUMSKAYA LOWLAND

Abstract

Typical conditions for the dynamics of soil diversity are presented in the periodically flooded coastal zone of the Terek-Kuma lowland, where the conditions of soil formation are presented, which differ in the structural organization of soils, soil-like bodies and biogeochemical cycle of substances. When flooding – drying, the formation of soil diversity depends on the duration of the cycles of flooding-drying causes the emergence of new properties, instead of survivors in the previous stages of development. The transition of one type of soil to another is carried out by dynamic changes. Soils, being in the conditions of water desertification, during the shallowing of the Caspian sea for 2-3 years pass to a new taxonomic group with a wide variety of properties not characteristic of terrestrial ecosystems. Along with the level regime of the Caspian sea, there is a whole complex of factors influencing soil formation processes in the Terek-Kuma lowland. These include: salinization, erosion, salinity and severity of soil, surface moisture. One of the main factors of soil diversity are soil-forming rocks and their particle size distribution. When salinization of soils, an increase in genetic varieties is observed in parallel with an increase in the salt content: low, (medium, high, very high). Such gradation characterizes objective specific consequences in the state of the soil cover, determining the diversity of soils on salinization and the possibility of conservation of biological resources. Erosion is also a regulating factor in diversity. Erosion is accompanied by demolition and denudation of individual horizons of the soil profile, including soil-forming rock. Depending on the factors of formation of erosion distinguish wind and water erosion. Wind erosion manifests itself as dust storms and deflation, representing the defining conditions of soil diversity. Much of the diversity associated with the emergence of disturbed areas due to human economic activity. Another factor of soil formation processes in the Terek-Kuma lowland is the alkalinity of soils, which betrays a greater soil cover diversity and complexity.