Abstract
Reactive and schizoaffective syndromes, primary affective disorder, paranoid (psychotic) disorders, borderline personality disorders, and narcissistic personalities have in common a number of developmental and psychodynamic features which are expressions of failure of separation-individuation. Recent and current literature supports the concept of two subspectra, the subspectrum of psychotic disorders and the subspectrum of personality or characterologic disorders, the latter comprising an array of syndromes, the common developmental psychodynamics of which center on partial self-object differentiation; these are here subsumed under the borderline rubric. Patients with spectrum disorders have remained to variable degrees symbiotic, and the degree of psychopathology relates to the degree of self-object differentiation.
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