Abstract
Case histories have shown that the liquefaction-induced soil lateral spreading is one of the main causes of damage to pile foundations subjected to seismic loading. Post-liquefaction soil behaves similarly to a viscous fluid. This study investigated the effect of soil lateral spreading on a single pile based on fluid mechanics in which the liquefied soils were treated as Newtonian fluids. A numerical simulation on a single pile embedded in a fully saturated sandy foundation was conducted and compared with shake table tests. The lateral flow effect and the effect of shear strain rate were discussed. After liquefaction, the acceleration of the foundation shows that there are no obvious spikes and finally reaches a stable state. The presented method can predict the pile response better than p-y curve method. A parametric study was performed to explore the effect of several influence factors on pile behaviors. The results show that the pile head displacement decreases and the maximum bending moment at pile bottom increases with the increase of bending stiffness. With the same pile bending stiffness, the displacement and bending moment of pile increase with the increase of soil viscosity and acceleration amplitude.
Highlights
Pile foundations have been widely used to support bridges, ports, and harbor facilities that are located on liquefiable soils near a waterfront structure
The simulation method established in this study to estimate the response of piles in the seismic load by treating the liquefied soil as the liquid is shown to provide good agreement with the p-y method, the simulated pile bending moments are slightly less than the values of calculation
It can be seen that the method of analyzing pile response under dynamic load is reasonable when the liquefied soil is regarded as fluid
Summary
Pile foundations have been widely used to support bridges, ports, and harbor facilities that are located on liquefiable soils near a waterfront structure. Special attention has been paid to the problems of lateral flowing pressure on piles [15] [16] [17] liquefaction-induced drag forces on piles [18] [19], super-structure inertial effects [20], p-y spring behavior [14] [21], and the effects of upper non-liquefiable crust on the single pile and pile group response [22] [23] These investigations highlighted an increased understanding of the effect of lateral spreading on pile foundations and associated mechanisms. More attention has turned to the importance of the large-scale flow deformation associated with liquefaction These studies were generally based on conventional solid mechanics and assumed a relatively limited maximum shear strain [24] [25]. The results were utilized to draw insights and conclusions, and future works were proposed to study the pile-soil interaction in laterally spreading ground
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