Abstract
Abstract Based on the air quality data of Harbin in winter from 2015 to 2017, the national winter straw combustion data from 2016 to 2017 and the mixed single particle Lagrange comprehensive track model, Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT), dynamic analysis of Harbin’s winter air quality status and influencing factors. The air quality data were analyzed; it was found that the main pollutants in winter in Harbin were SO2, NO2, PM10 (particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm), and PM2.5 (particles with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm); the annual air pollution situation deteriorated sharply from November and continued until March of the following year. Through the research on straw fire prevention points in Harbin, the spatial pattern characteristics and causes of persistent haze in Harbin from 2015 to 2017 were dynamically analyzed. Combining the backward trajectory model to trace the source and trend of air mass in pollution, it is found that the air mass trend is consistent with the distribution of straw-burning points. The research results show that (1) during the winter from 2015 to 2017, the overall air quality situation in Harbin improved, the number of serious pollution days decreased year by year, and the main atmospheric pollutants were PM10 and PM2.5. In October and November, the pollution concentration peaked, and after December, the pollution concentration showed a downward trend until the next spring reached the valley and (2) the most obvious time of haze in Harbin is from November to December, and it is concluded that haze events are closely related to the large number of pollutants caused by the burning of straw around Harbin, and because the northwest monsoon climate affects the air quality, the transportation of fine particles caused by the burning of straw in winter in the surrounding areas of Harbin is the main cause of serious pollution in Harbin.
Highlights
With the rapid development of China, air pollution has become an environmental catastrophic phenomenon that cannot be ignored [1]
The results are shown in Table 1; it can be clearly seen that, from 2015 to 2017, Harbin’s air quality index began to rise rapidly from October, and by the spring of the second year, the air quality index fell rapidly
To trace the causes of smog, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China and the Environmental Protection Department of Heilongjiang Province have used air quality data and straw-burning data based on the latest environmental quality standard (GB3095-2012) promulgated by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Environmental Protection in 2012; the formula calculates the monthly major pollutants according to the 74 city air quality status reports issued by the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China
Summary
With the rapid development of China, air pollution has become an environmental catastrophic phenomenon that cannot be ignored [1]. Harbin city has experienced severe persistent haze weather in the winter in recent years. The severe air pollution and air quality problems that have occurred during the period have caused the visibility of the atmosphere to decline, which has a major impact on the social economy, the ecological environment, and human health [2,3,4]. Analyzing the changes and characteristics of air quality during haze in Harbin is of great significance for accurately observing and forecasting haze weather, reducing disaster losses, and ensuring traffic safety and environmental quality. Many scholars have conducted research on the effects of air pollution on human health to increase public awareness of air pollution [9,10,11,12]. China has adopted many policies to strengthen environmental management [13], and the Ministry of Environmental Protection and Environmental Protection of China promulgated the latest environmental quality standards
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