Abstract
This paper presents a theoretical study of the dynamic behaviour of a wind turbine consisting of a wind rotor, a speed increaser with fixed axes, and a counter-rotating electric generator, operating in variable wind conditions. In the first part, the dynamic analytical model of the wind turbine mechanical system is elaborated based on the dynamic equations associated with the component rigid bodies and the linear mechanical characteristics associated with the direct current (DC) generator and wind rotor. The paper proposes a method for identifying the coefficients of the wind rotor mechanical characteristics depending on the wind speed. The numerical simulations performed in Simulink-MATLAB by MathWorks on a case study of a 10 kW wind turbine highlight the variation with the time of the kinematic parameters (angular speeds and accelerations), torques and powers for wind system shafts, as well as the mechanical efficiency, both in transient and steady-state regimes, considering variable wind speed. The analytical and numerical results are helpful for researchers, designers, developers, and practitioners of wind turbines aiming to optimise their construction and functionality through virtual prototyping.
Highlights
In the global effort to achieve the ambitious targets for decarbonisation of the energy system, at a national and global level, wind energy plays a significant role and a major one in the future
The paper is organised as follows: Section 2 presents the configuration of the wind turbine with counter-rotating generator and the analytical model for angular speeds and kinematic ratio; Section 3 is devoted to the dynamic analytical modelling; in Section 4 the numerical simulations and analyses are performed for a specific scenario; and Section 5 provides the conclusions
Since the linear model adopted for the mechanical characteristic of the wind rotor is valid only on the useful area of this characteristic, in stage I the initial starting phase was ignored and the time of 0 s was chosen at the moment when the angular speed of the wind rotor reached the value corresponding to the maximum power maximum power points (max PR)
Summary
In the global effort to achieve the ambitious targets for decarbonisation of the energy system, at a national and global level, wind energy plays a significant role and a major one in the future. A gear transmission of Ravigneaux type is used in [19] to propose a dynamic analysis method based on a general algorithm for determining the transmission ratio, transmission torques, and efficiency Another method for dynamic modelling uses numerical integration of Runge-Kutta type [20], and considers nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a speed increaser with one input and one output. The dynamic modelling is performed under variable wind conditions It combines the classical equations associated with the rigid bodies with fixed-axis rotational motion (mechanical moments of inertia, kinematic transmission ratios, and the efficiency of the cylindrical gear set) with the linear equations associated with the mechanical characteristics for both the direct current (DC) generator and the wind rotor, respectively, on its quasilinear active working sector in operation. The paper is organised as follows: Section 2 presents the configuration of the wind turbine with counter-rotating generator and the analytical model for angular speeds and kinematic ratio; Section 3 is devoted to the dynamic analytical modelling; in Section 4 the numerical simulations and analyses are performed for a specific scenario; and Section 5 provides the conclusions
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