Dynamic acylhydrazone bonds cross-linked chromotropic photonic-ionic skin with self-healing and high resilience for interactive human-machine interface

Abstract

Advanced skin systems realize perception and interaction with the environment through synergistic electrical and color signals generated by transmitting ions and manipulating photonic structures. Here, inspired by chameleon skins, a novel self-healing and resilient photonic-ionic skin (PI-skin) with electro-optical dual response is ingeniously constructed integrating the ordered micro-nano array and the dynamically covalently cross-linked ionogel. The elaborately designed polycation network with weak inter-chain interactions can promote the uniform distribution of high-content low-viscosity ionic liquid (IL), effectively eliminating energy dissipation and resulting in high resilience. Dynamic acylhydrazone bonds are served as reversible chemical crosslinking to realize high-efficiency self-healing and further enhance resilience. Notably, the artificially manipulated transition of the photonic array from dense packing to non-dense packing endows sensitive chromotropic properties synchronized with electrical response under stretched (Δλ > 130 nm) and compressed (Δλ > 160 nm). Furthermore, by harnessing the correspondence between electrical and optical signals, the control of optical signals over electrical signals is achieved for inputting complex coded information and constructing interactive human–machine interfaces. This work not only inspires the design and construction of high-level artificial skins but also stimulates the development of visual interactive devices and smart electronic/ionic products.