Abstract
The present work aimed at synthesizing gold nanoparticles in a biological method employing fruit peel waste dumped in the environment. The peels of Garcinia mangostana (Mangostan), were collected from the nearby tourist spot during the season. The collected fruit peels were washed, dried, powder and extracted by using boiling water and acetone. The precipitated extract was dried and powdered for further use. The dried and powdered peel extract was added to the gold solution and boiled to 80 °C and the color change is observed. The color change indicates the completion of the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. The effect of pH, gold ion concentration, peel extract powder concentration, and the temperature was tested by varying the parameters. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized using the UV–Vis spectrophotometer to identify the surface plasmon resonance peaks corresponding to gold nanoparticles. The bio-moieties responsible for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles were identified using the Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy. The crystalline nature was detected by using an X-Ray Diffractometer. Atomic Force Microscope viewed the 3D surface image of the gold nanoparticle. The shape and morphology of the nanoparticle were identified by using a Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. The active compounds for gold nanoparticle synthesis were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The gold nanoparticle was synthesized in various colors and used for dyeing cotton fabrics. The dyed cotton materials were exposed to various stress conditions to determine the color fastening.
Highlights
The present work aimed at synthesizing gold nanoparticles in a biological method employing fruit peel waste dumped in the environment
Gold nanoparticle formation was primarily identified by color change visually
The observation of color changes, from colorless solution into purple or pink color, was one of the processes to identify the synthesis of gold nanoparticles in the solution (Fig. 1)
Summary
The present work aimed at synthesizing gold nanoparticles in a biological method employing fruit peel waste dumped in the environment. The collected fruit peels were washed, dried, powder and extracted by using boiling water and acetone. The dried and powdered peel extract was added to the gold solution and boiled to 80 °C and the color change is observed. The gold nanoparticle was synthesized in various colors and used for dyeing cotton fabrics. The dyes can accumulate in soil and it takes a higher half-life time for d egradation[23] These negative impacts on the environment make an alarm to research communities and find an alternate solution for dyeing. The surface plasmon resonance property of nano solutions (Gold, silver, and copper) was used for coloring purposes[22]. Metal nanoparticles represent noble bright colors due to the localized surface plasmon resonance. Afshari et al.[28] reported that dyeing of polyester fabric using copper nanoparticles and assessed its Scientific Reports | (2021) 11:13249
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