Dye-Staining Stereomicroscopic Examinations for Fine Mucosal Structures of the Gallbladder

Abstract

Background: In order to diagnose an unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma and to examine whether a differential diagnosis could be made between cancer and noncancerous lesions during surgery, we evaluated the findings of fine structures of various types of gallbladder mucosa. Methods: We used stereomicroscopy with a dye-contrast technique under water and measured the maximum blood vessel diameters of the gallbladder mucosa: normal gallbladder, chronic cholecystitis, and carcinoma. Results: All normal gallbladders showed fine-reticular-type findings. In chronic cholecystitis, 5.8% of the specimens (n = 69) had fine reticular type, 87.0% had rough reticular type, and 7.2% had atrophic type. All the cases of adenomyomatosis (n = 16) showed rough reticular type. In eight specimens of pancreaticobiliary maljunction, 75% of them showed high reticular type, and the other 25% showed papillary type. The two adenoma specimens showed fine granular type. In five gallbladder carcinomas, the lattice-like pattern completely disappeared and showed rough granular type. The average of maximum vessel diameters in the gallbladder mucosa were 41.0 µm in normal gallbladders, 99.1 µm in patients with chronic cholecystitis, and 614.8 µm in patients with a carcinoma. There were significant differences among them (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that differential diagnosis between cancer and noncancerous lesion is possible by dye-staining mucosal pattern and measurement of maximum vessel diameters by stereoscopic examination.