Dyadic support exchange and work engagement: An episodic test and expansion of self‐determination theory

Marijntje E.L Zeijen,Paraskevas Petrou,Benjamin R Van Gelderen,Arnold B Bakker

doi:10.1111/joop.12311

Abstract

According to the self‐determination theory (SDT), individuals flourish when they satisfy their psychological needs. We expand this proposition by testing whether employees satisfy their own needs and improve their own work engagement by providing support to their co‐workers. Moreover, we argue that it matters when and to whom the support is provided. We contend that the indirect effect of autonomously motivated support provision on the provider’s work engagement through the provider’s need satisfaction is stronger (1) during episodes that the receiver’s emotional demands are high (vs. low), (2) when the receiver’s learning goal orientation is high (vs. low), or (3) when the receiver’s prove performance goal orientation is low (vs. high). We collected data among 97 dyads of police officers (N = 194 participants) during two time blocks on one working day (N = 227–491 episodes). Multi‐level analyses confirmed that support provision related positively to the provider’s episodic work engagement through episodic need satisfaction. As hypothesized, this indirect relationship was stronger during emotionally demanding episodes, or when the receiver was characterized by a low prove performance goal orientation. Learning goal orientation did not moderate the support provision–work engagement relationship. These findings expand SDT by indicating that individuals satisfy their own daily needs by providing support, and by showing that it matters when and to whom support is provided.Practitioner points Providing help benefits both the beneficiary and the helper Managers should encourage the daily exchange of social resources between employees The exchange of social support between co‐workers is crucial when employees face demanding clients

Highlights

Providing help benefits both the beneficiary and the helper Managers should encourage the daily exchange of social resources between employees The exchange of social support between co-workers is crucial when employees face demanding clients
In order to investigate whether the beneficial effects of autonomously motivated support apply to employee’s daily need satisfaction and work engagement, we examine the supportive exchanges between police officers as this is an occupation where working in dyads and supporting each other is an essential part of the job (Charman, 2013)
Taking Hypotheses 1–5 together, we propose that episodic support provision is indirectly related to episodic work engagement via episodic need satisfaction when the receiver (1) experiences an emotionally demanding situation, or is characterized by (2) a high learning goal orientation, or (3) a low prove performance goal orientation

Summary

Introduction

Providing help benefits both the beneficiary and the helper Managers should encourage the daily exchange of social resources between employees The exchange of social support between co-workers is crucial when employees face demanding clients. By using experimental methodology and student samples, their findings show that providing support with an autonomous motivation enhances the subjective well-being of the provider by satisfying the psychological basic needs. It remains unknown whether their conclusions can be generalized to the workplace. Most importantly, Deci and Ryan (2008) theorized that the extent to which needs are satisfied, depends on contextual factors In line with this reasoning, studies show that contact with the recipient and the behaviour of the recipient influence whether the benefits of support for the provider are enhanced or diminished. This is because helping someone who visibly benefits from the support fulfils the provider’s need to feel competent

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