Abstract
The paper studies the construction of residential buildings in the Stone Age of the Mari Volga Region. We have analyzed buildings on the settlements of the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic periods of the Mari Volga Region. The main principles of house building of the Mesolithic era of the Mari Volga Region are highlighted. In view of the fact that the complexes under consideration are located in the same landscape zone, a number of indicators may be similar. However, there will be differences on several points of comparison that may lead to discussions. For example, such an indicator as the prevalence of finds in the inter-dwelling space or their absence. In total, 38 structures of the Mesolithic and 35 structures of the Early Neolithic era were analyzed. To summarize, seven indicators of housing construction were selected. It is characteristic that in the Mari Volga Region most of the Neolithic sites are multilayered, however, none of the Mesolithic sites in the region has yet been found to contain early Neolithic ceramics. You can trace the difference in buildings more clearly. The presence of ground structures on the Neolithic settlements is obvious, while the local Mesolithic ones are ubiquitous semi-dugouts. Having a topographic distribution of settlements and short-term sites, a planigraphy of dwellings, as well as a presence of separate industrial and residential buildings in the Early Neolithic and Late Mesolithic, we face the problem of chronological division of the Neolithization process in the forest belt.
Highlights
ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΡΡ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ XX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π.Π₯
Π 67% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π΄ΠΎ 30 ΠΌ2
Π ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΡΠ° Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊ
Summary
ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΡΡ Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Ρ XX Π²Π΅ΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π.Π₯. ΠΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΡΡ ΠΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 100 ΠΌ2 Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΡ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ 18% ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π². ΠΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ Π² Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π² β 52% β ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 1β2 ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΌΡ.
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