Dwarf mistletoes as a relevant component in temperate forest: an integral view

Abstract

Dwarf mistletoes are considered harmful parasites of temperate forests However different studies found that they contribute positively to ecosystem functioning and enhance diversity in the forest community This mini review attempts to highlight the importance of dwarf mistletoes in temperate forests based on case studies of pine forests in central Mexico We emphasize the complexity of the infection dynamics and how it can be modified by human activities We propose that dwarf mistletoes should be seen as an integral part of forests