Dust–Gas Scaling Relations and OH Abundance in the Galactic ISM

Abstract

Abstract Observations of interstellar dust are often used as a proxy for total gas column density N H. By comparing Planck thermal dust data (Release 1.2) and new dust reddening maps from Pan-STARRS 1 and 2MASS, with accurate (opacity-corrected) H i column densities and newly published OH data from the Arecibo Millennium survey and 21-SPONGE, we confirm linear correlations between dust optical depth τ 353, reddening E(B − V), and the total proton column density N H in the range (1–30) × 1020 cm−2, along sightlines with no molecular gas detections in emission. We derive an N H/E(B − V) ratio of (9.4 ± 1.6) × 1021 cm−2 mag−1 for purely atomic sightlines at ∣ b ∣ > 5 ° , which is 60% higher than the canonical value of Bohlin et al. We report a ∼40% increase in opacity σ 353 = τ 353/N H, when moving from the low column density (N H < 5 × 1020 cm−2) to the moderate column density (N H > 5 × 1020 cm−2) regime, and suggest that this rise is due to the evolution of dust grains in the atomic interstellar medium. Failure to account for H i opacity can cause an additional apparent rise in σ 353 of the order of a further ∼20%. We estimate molecular hydrogen column densities N H 2 from our derived linear relations, and hence derive the OH/H2 abundance ratio of X OH ∼ 1 × 10−7 for all molecular sightlines. Our results show no evidence of systematic trends in OH abundance with N H 2 in the range N H 2 ∼ (0.1−10) × 1021 cm−2. This suggests that OH may be used as a reliable proxy for H2 in this range, which includes sightlines with both CO-dark and CO-bright gas.