Abstract
AbstractThe wind, as the most active process in the desert ecosystem, can blow sand, silt, and clay-sized particles for long distance over continents and oceans. Silica dust can cause health risk problems, namely lung disease, eye infection, cardiovascular morbidity, and mortality and affect infants and pregnancy. Therefore, this chapter passes through three success stories majorly using biological fixation for sand and dust storms (SDS) source areas (hotspots). The mobile sand and dust rates were reduced by 94% and 64.5%, respectively, in the sand and dust traps located downwind of a cultivated area with native vegetation compared to upwind. The massive plantation of native vegetation as a biological fixation method is a proper solution for the mobile sand and dust in the hotspot areas in the Middle East. Therefore, the biological fixation using native plants for two SDS major hotspot areas located in southern Iraq could reduce SDS and dust by at least 40%. Also, a proper dust and air quality control strategic plan was designed for indoor and outdoor air.KeywordsDustHealthAir qualitySand and dust stormsNative plantsThe Middle East
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