Abstract
Post-asymptotic giant branch objects (post-AGBs) represent the phase of intermediate mass star (0.8–8 M⊙) evolution between the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and the planetary nebula (PN) phases of evolution. This phase is sometimes called the proto-planetary nebula (PPN) phase (Kwok 1993). Intermediate mass stars evolve into white dwarf (WD) stars after the PN phase of evolution (Iben & Renzini 1983); (Blocker & Schonberner 1991). A post-AGB envelope is the circumstellar nebula created by the stellar mass loss on the AGB. Thus, post-AGB objects consist of a central star of spectral type K-B, surrounded by a circumstellar envelope that is coasting into the interstellar medium.
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