Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most prevalent trichothecene in Europe and its occurrence is associated with infections of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum, causal agents of Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat. Resistance to FHB is a complex character and high variability occurs in the relationship between DON content and FHB incidence. DON conjugation to glucose (DON-3-glucoside, D3G) is the primary plant mechanism for resistance towards DON accumulation. Although this mechanism has been already described in bread wheat and barley, no data are reported so far about durum wheat, a key cereal in the pasta production chain. To address this issue, the ability of durum wheat to detoxify and convert deoxynivalenol into D3G was studied under greenhouse controlled conditions. Four durum wheat varieties (Svevo, Claudio, Kofa and Neodur) were assessed for DON-D3G conversion; Sumai 3, a bread wheat variety carrying a major QTL for FHB resistance (QFhs.ndsu-3B), was used as a positive control. Data reported hereby clearly demonstrate the ability of durum wheat to convert deoxynivalenol into its conjugated form, D3G.
Highlights
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most deleterious fungal diseases affecting wheat worldwide: it is related to infection by pathogenic fungi of the Fusarium spp. and it is widely diffused, especially in those areas with inductive climatic conditions [1,2,3]
Two different trials were performed within this study, following the general scheme reported in and one genotype of T. aestivum (Sumai-3), selected on the basis of their resistance towards Fusarium head blight (FHB) under in-field conditions and their genetic background
Detoxification ability related to FHB resistance was largely studied in soft wheat [27], while very few studies only reported the occurrence of D3G in durum wheat under natural infection conditions, so far [23]
Summary
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most deleterious fungal diseases affecting wheat worldwide: it is related to infection by pathogenic fungi of the Fusarium spp. and it is widely diffused, especially in those areas with inductive climatic conditions (hot/warm temperatures and high/medium high humidity) [1,2,3]. Fungal infection may lead to the accumulation of mycotoxins: depending on the chemotype of the fungus, the type B trichothecenes deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) often accumulate in the developing grain [4]. This contamination is especially critical for durum wheat, which is used primarily for human consumption. Several studies performed using the high resistant Chinese Spring wheat line Sumai-3 showed that the two most effective QTLs related to FHB resistance are positioned on the short arm of chromosome 3B (Fhb1) and on chromosome 5A (Qfhs.ifa-5A) [6,7,8]
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