Duration of wound fluid secretion from chronic venous leg ulcers is critical for interleukin-1α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-8 levels and fibroblast activation

Abstract

Wound fluid collected from chronic wounds may be used as a simple gauge of the processes taking place in the tissue. There is lack of information on the optimal conditions for wound fluid procurement. We have studied possible diurnal variations and duration of wound fluid accumulation using retentive hydrophobic foam on the levels of prototypic cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β], a chemokine (IL-8) and proteinases [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9] in 23 chronic venous leg ulcer patients. Bioactivity of 1 and 24h wound fluids, and serum was also compared. There were no significant temporal changes in the levels of the above-mentioned four proteins, when comparing three consecutive 8-h intervals starting from 0800 that in turn did not differ significantly with the 24-h collection levels. IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-8 levels were higher (p<0.05) in 24h compared with 1h wound fluids, whereas MMP-9 levels were insensitive to the length of collection. The 24h wound fluids did not elicit DNA synthesis in adult human dermal fibroblasts in contrast to the 1h wound fluids (p=0.046) and serum (p=0.036). The polyurethane foam alone had no significant effects on the concentration of the examined analytes. The length of collection is critical when monitoring cytokine/chemokine and bioactivity levels of chronic wound fluid. The removal of accumulating unfavorable factors in chronic wound fluid may be important in wound management.