Abstract
Implantable mechanical circulatory support (MCS) systems for ventricular assist device (VAD) therapy have emerged as an important strategy due to a shortage of donor organs for heart transplantation. A growing number of patients are receiving permanent assist devices, while fewer are undergoing heart transplantation (Htx). Continuous-flow (CF) pumps, as devices that can be permanently implanted, show promise for the treatment of both young and old patients with heart failure (HF). Further improvement of these devices will decrease adverse events, enable pulse modulation of continuous blood flow, and improve automatic remote monitoring. Ease of use for patients could also be improved. We herein report on the current state of the art regarding implantable CF pumps for use as MCS systems in the treatment of advanced refractory HF.
Highlights
A less invasive outflow line is through the transverse sinus; this is commonly used for bridge to transplantation (BTT) [31] and prevents positional changes of the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) after sternal closure
Reports have shown that all types of CF-LVADs could achieve acceptable physiological conditions, such that they can be used in several clinical scenarios [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,28,33]
The wide acceptance of CF-LVADs by patients, physicians, and the general public has led to their routine use for treating heart failure (HF) patients
Summary
Mechanical Circulatory Support: Given the increasing shortage of donor organs, implantable mechanical circulatory support (MCS) systems for ventricular assist device (VAD) therapy have emerged as an essential element of treatment [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24]. 2000 pumps are estimated to be implanted annually in Europe [2,11,12,24]
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