Abstract
This paper presents the results of tests of physical-mechanical, durability and microscopic properties of geopolymer mortar mixtures based on fly ash and ladle slag. The mixtures are alkali-activated using sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide solution. Firstly, the effects of different fly ash (class ?F?) particle sizes on the characteristics of the mortar mixtures were examined when binder and alkali activator were cured at 95?C for 24 h, also pozzolanic activity and strength activity index were investigated. After that, fly ash ground of optimal particle sizes (0,09 mm) was replaced with ladle slag, 0 to 20% of the mass, the replacement steps being 5%. The specimens having dimensions 4x4x16 cm were then cured in ambient conditions, and the effects of replacement of a part of fly ash with ladle slag were determined by testing water absorption, flexural and compressive strength, freeze-thaw resistance, sulfate attack, ultrasound velocity, FT-IR spectroscopy and leaching of heavy metals. According to the test results of compressive strength resistance of geopolymer mortars exposed to sulfate solution, the mortar made with fly ash and ladle slag showed better resistance to sulfate attack than the mortar made with fly ash only.
Highlights
In the last few decades, the new form material has been in the focus of attention: a geopolymer having characteristics very similar to cement composites [1]
The fly ash binder has the pozzolanic activity class 10, while the tests of mechanical characteristics of mortar made with ladle slag do not satisfy the minimum requirements for class 5
Mortar mixtures were designed by adding ladle slag in the amount of up to 20 % of the total binder in order to improve geopolymer properties
Summary
In the last few decades, the new form material has been in the focus of attention: a geopolymer having characteristics very similar to cement composites [1]. Material that contains silicon and aluminum oxides in its chemical composition can be used as a solid binder material for the making of geopolymers [3]. Some of the most frequently used binders are the waste materials (byproduct) [4]originating from industrial production [5]. According to actual international standards, many industrial byproducts are no longer regarded as hazardous waste material. The use of waste material in the production of new composite materials is a common practice which is in accordance with the environmental requirements [7]. Many performances of geopolymer mortar have been examined
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