Abstract
Geopolymer concrete is produced from the geopolymerization process, in which molecules known as oligomers integrate to form geopolymer networks with covalent bonding. Its production expends less thermal energy and results in a smaller carbon footprint compared to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) concrete. It requires only an alkaline activator to catalyze its aluminosilicate sources such as metakaolin and fly ash, to yield geopolymer binder for the geopolymerization to take place. Because of its eco-friendly technology and practical application, current research interest is mainly concentrated on the endurance of geopolymer concrete to resist heat and chemical aggressions. As such, it is pertinent for this review article to provide critical insight into the recent progress in research on the durability of geopolymer concrete. One significant outcome of the review is that the admixture of geopolymer concrete could be blended with additives such as micro-silica and fibers such as polypropylene fibers, to enhance its durability. The review on the durability aspects of geopolymer concrete showed that it had high compressive strength at an optimal elevated temperature, low to medium chloride ion penetrability, and high resistance to acid attack and abrasion. This makes geopolymer concrete a viable candidate to replace OPC concrete in the construction industry.
Highlights
5 to 7% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions can be attributed to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), which has traditionally been used as the primary binder in concrete [1]
It can be concluded from this review that geopolymer concrete is durable and resistant to heat, chloride penetration, acid attack, and abrasion
An optimal addition of fibers and ultra-fine silica material such as nano-silica to geopolymer concrete could enhance its residual compressive strength. This could be achieved through the actions of reinforcing fibers and pore blocking of extremely-small-sized silica particles that prevented crack propagation in geopolymer concrete
Summary
5 to 7% of global carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions can be attributed to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), which has traditionally been used as the primary binder in concrete [1]. Since steel-fiber-reinforced alkali-activated geopolymer concrete can achieve higher mechanical performance and produce less carbon emission as compared to the conventional concrete, it is considered to be a potential construction material solution for the buried tunnel subjected to gas explosion threatening [26]. Geopolymers blended recycled concrete (OPC, fly ash, rice husk ash, river sand, Cupola furnace slag, and crushed granite) was discovered by Alabi and Mahachi [30] to have better penetration resistance to chloride ion than other concrete mixes in the study and are more durable. The review concentrated on five sectional topics relevant to the durability of geopolymer concrete These sectional topics are compressive strength at elevated temperatures, chloride ion penetrability and corrosion potential, acid resistance, abrasion resistance, and the morphological and chemical properties of geopolymer concrete
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