Dunaliella Ds-26-16 acts as a global regulator to enhance salt tolerance by coordinating multiple responses in Arabidopsis seedlings.

Abstract

Based on phenotypic, physiological and proteomic analysis, the possible mechanism by which Ds-26-16 regulates salt tolerance in Arabidopsis seedlings was revealed. Functional and mechanistic characterization of salt tolerance genes isolated from natural resources is crucial for their application. In this study, we report the possible mechanism by which Ds-26-16, a gene from Dunaliella, and its point mutation gene EP-5, enhance salt tolerance in Arabidopsis seedlings. Both Ds-26-16 and EP-5 transgenic lines displayed higher seed germination rates, cotyledon-greening rates, soluble sugar contents, decreased relative conductivity and ROS accumulation when germinating under 150 mM NaCl conditions. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed that there were 470 or 391 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in Ds-26-16 or EP-5, respectively, compared with the control (3301) under salt stress. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed the DEPs in Ds-26-16 vs. 3301 and EP-5 vs. 3301 were similar and mainly enriched in photosynthesis, regulation of gene expression, carbohydrate metabolism, redox homeostasis, hormonal signal and defense, and regulation of seed germination. Thirty-seven proteins were found to be stably expressed under salt stress due to the expression of Ds-26-16, and eleven of them contain the CCACGT motif which could be bound by the transcription factor in ABA signaling to repress gene transcription. Taken together, we propose that Ds-26-16, as a global regulator, improves salt-tolerance by coordinating stress-induced signal transduction and modulating multiple responses in Arabidopsis seedlings. These results provide valuable information for utilizing natural resources in crop improvement for breeding salt-tolerant crops.