Dukungan Sosial dan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemc is a public health emergency or disaster, including in Indonesia, which causes anxiety for many people including pregnant women. The impact of anxiety on pregnant women can increase Cortisol hormone which can suppress the immune system, increases sugar in the bloods, cause low birth weight (LBW), and delay fetal growth. There were several factors affecting anxiety of pregnant women, which is social support from the environment. The objective of the research was to know the correlation of social support with the anxiety of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic at Special Region of Yogyakarta. This study applied quantitative survey with cross-sectional approach. The sample for this study was pregnant women at Special Region of Yogyakarta as many as 397 respondents were determined using purposive sampling techniques. Data retrieval by using instruments in the form of Coronavirus Anxiety Scall and social support questionnaires. Somer's d Gamma test was used to analyze data. The result showed that more respondents came from Kulonprogo Regency (35.5%), graduated from senior high school (53.7%), did not work (51.9%), family income equal to the Provincial Minimum Wage or above (70.3%) and primigravida parity (63%). From the research results small percentage of pregnant women (1.3%) who experienced anxiety came from low and moderate social support. There were several variables related to the anxiety of pregnant women at Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2021. They were occupational variables (p-value= 0.024), family income (p-value= 0.023), parity (p-value= 0.024) and social support (p-value= 0.023). Meanwhile, the variable that is not related to anxiety is the educational variable (p-value = 0.693). There is a relationship between social support and pregnant women's anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.