Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau Particles are Bosons

Abstract

The parametrized Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau wave equation is formulated for many relativistic particles of spin-0 or spin-1. The first-quantized formulation lacks the fields of creation and annihilation operators which satisfy commutation relations subject to causality conditions, and which are essential to the Quantum Field Theoretic proof of the spin-statistics connection. It is instead proved that the wavefunctions for identical particles must be symmetric by extension of the nonrelativistic argument of Jabs (Found Phys 40:776–792, 2010). The causal commutators of Quantum Field Theory restrict entanglement to separations of the order of the Compton wavelength \(\hbar /mc\) . The entanglement manifest in the symmetric Duffin–Kemmer–Petiau wavefunctions is unrestricted.