Ductile–brittle transition controlled by isothermal crystallization of isotactic polypropylene and its blend with poly(ethylene-co-octene)

Abstract

The correlation between crystalline morphology development and tensile properties of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and its blend with poly(ethylene-co-octene) (PEOc) was investigated to study the ductile–brittle transition (DBT) in fracture modes. The sample processing strategy and the scientific observations have never been reported previously. The samples were first isothermally crystallized at 130°C, 123°C or 115°C for a wide range of crystallization times, and then quenched to 35°C for characterization. It was found that the crystallization conditions including crystallization temperature and time governed the crystalline morphology and even the tensile properties of iPP and the iPP/PEOc (80/20) blend. The lower the crystallization temperature, the shorter the crystallization time was needed for the occurrence of DBT, and the sharper the transition would be. The addition of the elastomer component delayed the DBT occurrence for the iPP/PEOc blend in terms of the crystallization time, owing to the fact that the existence of PEOc domains between the iPP lamellar stack regions or at the iPP spherulitic boundaries enhanced the ductility of the blend. The X-ray diffraction results displayed the oriented and destroyed crystalline structure characterizing the ductile fracture, while unoriented structure describing the brittle failure. The DBT is closely related to the crystal perfection, and factors such as the crystallization temperature and time and the compositions have been proven to be significant variables in determining the DBT occurrence.