Abstract
This paper presents the ductility characterization for a medium carbon steel, for two microstructural conditions, that has been evaluated using the continuum damage mechanics theory, as proposed by Kachanov and developed by Lemaitre. Tensile tests were carried out using loading-unloading cycles in order to capture the gradual deterioration of the elastic modulus, which may be linked to the ductile damage increase with increasing plastic strain. The mechanical parameters for the isotropic damage evolution equation were obtained and then used as inputs for a plasticity-damage coupled nu- merical algorithm, validated through numerical simulations of the experimental tensile tests. A comparison between the SAE 1050 steels studied and two carbon steel alloys (obtained from the literature), provided some basic understanding of the influence of the carbon level on the evolution of the damage parameters. An empiric relationship for this set of parameters, which can provide useful data for preliminary studies envisaging prediction of ductile failure in carbon steels, is also presented.
Highlights
Ductile fracture is the failure of a solid material due to nucleation, coalescence and growth of cavities induced by plastic deformation
This paper presents the ductility characterization for a medium carbon steel, for two microstructural conditions, that has been evaluated using the continuum damage mechanics theory, as proposed by Kachanov and developed by Lemaitre
Tensile tests were carried out using loading-unloading cycles in order to capture the gradual deterioration of the elastic modulus, which may be linked to the ductile damage increase with increasing plastic strain
Summary
Ductile fracture is the failure of a solid material due to nucleation, coalescence and growth of cavities induced by plastic deformation. By the 70’s, researchers embraced the idea and developed a theory based on the framework of irreversible processes thermodynamics to model the evolution of this damage variable and how it affects mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus and stresses, leading to the eventual failure of a material [5] This theory, called Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM), is complementary to Fracture Mechanics, since it is concerned about the nucleation and growth of cavities until they reach a critical size turning into a macroscopic crack, whose propagation in a solid media is studied by the latter. Due to large plastic strains imposed to this kind of manufactured parts, cracks and other defects observed are mostly related to ductile damage evolution With this motivation, in this work the ductile fracture of SAE 1050 steel was studied, for two different microstructural conditions namely: lamellar ferrite-pearlite and spheroidized cementite, under the continuum damage mechanics point of view. Experimental characterization of isotropic damage evolution was carried out and numerical simulations were performed in order to predict failure
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