Duality of Complex Systems Built from Higher‐Order Elements

Abstract

The duality of nonlinear systems built from higher‐order two‐terminal Chua’s elements and independent voltage and current sources is analyzed. Two different approaches are now being generalized for circuits with higher‐order elements: the classical duality principle, hitherto restricted to circuits built from R‐C‐L elements, and Chua’s duality of memristive circuits. The so‐called storeyed structure of fundamental elements is used as an integrating platform of both approaches. It is shown that the combination of associated flip‐type and shift‐type transformations of the circuit elements can generate dual networks with interesting features. The regularities of the duality can be used for modeling, hardware emulation, or synthesis of systems built from elements that are not commonly available, such as memristors, via classical dual elements.