Abstract
During the summer of 1964, Houston recorded its first epidemic of St. Louis encephalitis; a significant number of enteroviral infections also occurred, mostly in children. A total of 31 enteroviruses were identified. At a charity hospital, specimens from 15 of 50 children (30%) with acute febrile central nervous system (CNS) disease yielded enteroviruses. Seven of these 15 also had laboratory confirmed St. Louis encephalitis infections. No enteroviruses were found in specimens from 51 adults in the same hospital with acute CNS disease. In other (private) hospitals, specimens from 11 of 23 children (48%) and 5 of 28 adults (18%) yielded enteroviruses. During the summer months, enteroviruses and other neurotropic viruses such as arboviruses must be considered in the differential diagnosis of any acute febrile CNS disease. Although the clinical picture may suggest arboviral, enteroviral, or dual infection, final determination of etiology rests with the laboratory.
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