Abstract

In a narrow sense, modal logic is a logic obtained from the classical logic by endowing it with unary propositional operations intuitively corresponding to ‘it is necessary that’ and ‘it is possible that’. These operations are intensional, i.e., the truth of a formula built with the operation does not depend only on the truth of the subformula to which the operation is applied but also on a relevant state or a situation in which the truth is considered. A development of the semantics of modal logics in terms of a relational structure of states is due to Stig Kanger [Kan57] and Saul Kripke [Kri63]. Algebraic semantics of these standard modal logics is provided by Boolean algebras with normal and additive operations [JT52]. Since the origin of Kripke semantics, intensional logics have been introduced to computer science as an important tool for its formal methods.

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