Dual solutions of convective rotating flow of three-dimensional hybrid nanofluid across the linear stretching/shrinking sheet

Abstract

A numerical study was carried out on dual solutions of rotating stretching/shrinking surfaces to explore the influence of convective boundary conditions, viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, and heat sources/sinks on 3-D hybrid nanofluid flow. Hybrid nanofluids have great potential for a variety of applications due to their unique properties and versatility. It is improved the effectiveness of heat transfer rates. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence that certain parameters on the temperature and velocities profiles against the parameters, including the volume fraction of copper, suction effect, viscous dissipation, thermal radiation, Biot number and rotating parameter. Further, the impact of the suction effect and shrinking sheet on reduced heat transfer and skin friction is also considered against the volume fraction of copper. The nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed into a collection of ordinary differential equations by including linear similarity variables. The generated combination of higher order nonlinear ODEs is solved via a boundary value algorithm called bvp4c, which executes on the MATLAB computing tool. The findings confirmed the existence of two branches (dual solution) with varied quantities of copper volume fraction according to the shrinking surface and suction effect. Additionally, as the Biot number, Eckert number, thermal radiation, and copper volume fraction all increase in strength, the rate at which heat flows in both solutions also increases. However, the heat transfer rate declined as increased the suction effect. Besides, when a positive and negative increment is applied to the rotational parameter, both solutions suffer an increase in both velocities. In summary, unique solutions are obtained S<Sci for suction effect and λ<λci for the shrinking region. The outcomes came to the conclusion that hybrid nanofluid has a faster rate of transferring heat than standard nanofluid offers.