Abstract
The Fritillaria imperialis is an ornamental flower that can be found in various parts of the world including Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and the Himalayas. The use of this plant as traditional remedy is widely known. This study aims to unveil the anti-cancer potentials of Isopimara-7,15-Dien-19-Oic Acid, extracted from the bulbs of F. imperialis in cervical cancer cell line, HeLa cells. Flow cytometry analysis of cell death, gene expression analysis via cDNA microarray and protein array were performed. Based on the results, Isopimara-7,15-Dien-19-Oic acid simultaneously induced cell death and promoted cell survival. The execution of apoptosis was apparent based on the flow cytometry results and regulation of both pro and anti-apoptotic genes. Additionally, the regulation of anti-oxidant genes were up-regulated especially thioredoxin, glutathione and superoxide dismutase- related genes. Moreover, the treatment also induced the activation of pro-survival heat shock proteins. Collectively, Isopimara-7,15-Dien-19-Oic Acid managed to induce cellular stress in HeLa cells and activate several anti- and pro survival pathways.
Highlights
Cancer is a complex disease that is not fully understood yet
The detailed extraction procedure and identification of isopimara-7,15-dien-19-oic acid were already published in our previous publication (Atta-ur-Rahman et al, 2005)
As evidenced by the Annexin V assay, DIA-treated HeLa cells had an increase in the early apoptosis and late apoptosis populations, coupled with a decrease in the viable cell population, comparing to the untreated cells
Summary
Cancer is a complex disease that is not fully understood yet. Cervical cancer is among the most diagnosed type of cancer in women today. Around 1 out of 154 will be diagnosed for cervical cancer (Siegel et al, 2014). The mechanism of cell death and cell survival often intertwines and involves a lot of variables. There is a delicate balance that plays a major role in cell sustenance and the tilt can lean either way, especially in reacting to external substances (Fulda et al, 2010). A viable treatment for treating cervical cancer is yet to be found. Natural-derived molecules have become a promising target in finding the cure for major diseases including diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer
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