Abstract
A dual-mode assay is described for immunological determination of the anemia biomarker ferritin. It is based on the use of a gold@carbon dot (Au@CD) nanoconjugate as a colorimetric and fluorescent probe. Au@CD is hydrophilic, easily surface modified and stable in aqueous solution. The Au@CD have a red color with blue-green fluorescence and were modified with antibody against ferritin. This allows bi-modal detection of ferritin. Assays can be performed in phosphate buffer and were also analyzed in (Bovine Serum Albumin) BSA and (Fetal Bovine Serum) FBS. Detection is based on antigen-antibody interaction underlying the classical sandwich model. Response to ferritin can be detected by spectrophotometry (at 570nm) or fluorescence (at excitation/emission maxima of 354/454nm). Under optimal conditions, the assay has a linear response in the 1 to 120ngmL-1 ferritin concentration range and detection limits of 20 ng (colorimetrically) and 64ng (fluorometrically). Graphical abstract Schematic representation of the function of the designed nanoprobe. The Au@CD nanoconjugates are functionalized with ferritin antibody in the initial step which specifically interacts with ferritin molecules leading to aggregation and subsequent changes in the optical and fluorescence signals.
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