Abstract
This paper develops the photovoltaic bidirectional inverter (BI) operated in dual mode for the seamless power transfer to DC and AC loads. Normal photovoltaic (PV) output voltage is fed to boost converter, but in space application, boost converter is not so preferable. To overcome this, buck and boost converters are proposed in this paper. Duty cycle to this converter is provided with the help of the outcome of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. This can be implemented by using perturbation and observation method. The MPPT will operate the switch between buck and boost modes. When the output voltage of a PV array is close to the dc bus voltage, then the bidirectional inverter can fulfill both rectification and grid connected mode. To control the power flow between dc bus and ac grid, a dc distribution system is used to regulate the dc bus voltage to a convinced level. Moreover, the bidirectional inverter must fulfill grid connection (sell power) and rectification (buy power) with power factor correction (PFC) to control the power flow between dc bus and ac grid. The simulations and hardware experimental results of a 2.5 kVA circuit are presented to validate the performance of the proposed dual-mode seamless power transfer.
Highlights
World’s energy need is mostly supplied by the conventional energy resources, which are all having very limited storage sources on the Earth
From the MATLAB Simulink of modified maximum power point tracking (MPPT) model, the temperature and the irradiances are given as the inputs to the model at standard test conditions (STC)
This paper presents the photovoltaic bidirectional inverter which is operated in dual mode for the seamless power transfer to DC and AC loads with the grid interface
Summary
World’s energy need is mostly supplied by the conventional energy resources, which are all having very limited storage sources on the Earth. Wind power generation is not maintained constant due to the considering parameters like the variation in day-to-day temperature and irradiance. Overcoming these variations and meeting the required rated power of the PV system can be obtained the help of MPPT controller [1,2,3,4]. Whenever the PV system output voltage is more than the DC bus voltage, the converter output is to be reduced (Buck) mode and duty ratio. Getting the constant DC output voltage and meeting the load requirement enhanced with DC-DC buck-boost converter with P&O algorithm [8,9,10]. The seamless power transfer means that “on unavailability of PV system generation on any one side, the grid takes care of the other side connected to critical loads and seamlessly transfers the real power through the DC bus.” The dual-mode photovoltaic bidirectional inverter is capable of operating either in grid connected mode (sell power) or rectification mode (buy power) with power factor correction (PFC) and the seamless power flow to fulfill the conditions like (a) if PV generation is not available and DC, AC loads are critical, the total power is supplied from grid to the both loads; (b) if PV system output power satisfies DC loads partially, the grid will provide full power to AC load, lasting power to DC load (seamless power transfer); (c) if PV system output power satisfies DC loads fully and AC loads partially, the lasting power is supplied by grid (seamless power transfer); and (d) if DC and AC loads are satisfied with PV generation, the excess power is sent to grid through bidirectional inverter, i.e., grid connected mode (sell power)
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