Dual-functional core–shell microneedle patches for oral ulcers treatment

Abstract

Microneedle patches have been widely used in transdermal drug delivery due to their painless and enhanced drug delivery. Despite their established success, their application within the oral cavity, characterized by a dense distribution of nociceptor, remains largely unexplored. Here, we introduce a well-designed dual-functional core–shell microneedle patches to address oral ulcers. The outer shell of the microneedle tips is crafted from hyaluronic acid (HA) and loaded with lidocaine, while the inner core, composed of gelatin methyl methacrylate (GelMA) encapsulates dexamethasone. The HA shell rapidly dissolves upon application, facilitating the immediate release of lidocaine to induce anesthesia at the ulcer site, thereby alleviating the associated painful sensations. Simultaneously, GelMA imparts mechanical strength and ensured the sustained release of dexamethasone. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that the Dex@MN group exhibiting the most rapid healing rate also displayed the highest levels of collagen deposition and the lowest concentrations of inflammatory factors. This collective evidence underscores the considerable potential of dual-functional core–shell microneedle patches in the treatment of oral diseases.