Abstract
The successful incorporation of dyes into sterically stabilized aqueous polystyrene colloids has recently been reported using a new microencapsulation technique in which liquid carbon dioxide is used to facilitate mass transport into the polymer particles. The sterically stabilized particles retain their original size and shape after impregnation with dye. However, electrostatically stabilized polystyrene latexes made by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization lose stability when exposed to liquid carbon dioxide due to pH and ionic strength changes caused by carbonic acid formation in the aqueous phase. When colloidal stability is lost, particles coalesce due to the plasticization induced by carbon dioxide. To solve this problem, a series of surfactants that simultaneously provide colloidal stability and enhance mass transport during microencapsulation have been identified. These “dual function” surfactants are active at both the CO2/water and polymer/water interfaces. By adsorption onto the particle surf...
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