Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+ ), as a main component of bone, is widely applied to promote bone growth and regeneration. However, Mg2+ can chemically inhibit the crystallization of amorphous calcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite (HA). The underlying mechanisms by which Mg2+ improves bone biomineralization remain elusive. Here, it is demonstrated that Mg2+ plays dual roles in bone biomineralization from a developmental perspective. During embryonic development, the Mg2+ concentration is enriched in the early stage from embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5) to E15.5, but gradually decreases to a stable state in the late phase, after E15.5. Appropriate concentrations of Mg2+ can promote the mineralization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, while excessive Mg2+ impairs their osteogenesis. The earlier the Mg2+ is added, the stronger the observed inhibition of mineralization. In particular, less Mg2+ is present in fully mineralized collagen than in poorly mineralized collagen. Furthermore, a high concentration of Mg2+ changes the crystalline morphology of HA and inhibits collagen calcification. Functionally, a high-Mg2+ diet inhibits bone biomineralization in mouse offspring. Taken together, the results suggest that appropriate regulation of Mg2+ concentration over time is vital for normal biomineralization. This study is significant for the future design of bone substitutes and implants associated with Mg2+ content.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
